News
Lectures:
Program from 2016 lecture edition
Program plan for this year:
- Introduction, requirements, program, literature
Can we distinguish photos from renderings:
fakeorphoto
Example ray engines / renderers:
- Embree
- OptiX
(CUDA, also uses NVIDIA RTX)
- PBRT
- Blender: Luxrender, Yafray, Cycles (also RTX support)
- Mitsuba
- Commercial: 3ds-max and Maya renderers, Maxwell, ...
- PBRVulkan -
vulkan RTX usage renderer example.
- more examples in links below
Reading: PBRT book first sections: 1.1,1.2
- Classical Whitted style ray tracing.
Types of rays: primary, reflected, refracted, shadow
Ray-object intersection methods for:
implicit surfaces, CSG, triangles, AABB, parametric surface
- RJ Segura, FR Feito - "Algorithms to test ray-triangle intersection.
Comparative study"
9th International Conference in Central Europe on
Computer... 2001 wscg.zcu.cz.
PDF
- Tomas Moller, Ben Trumbore -
"Fast, minimum storage ray/triangle intersection", 1997
wiki,
PDF
- J.J.Jimenez et al. - "A robust segment/triangle intersection algorithm for interference tests. Efficiency study",
Computational Geometry 43 (2010) 474–492
PDF
- Acceleration methods
Topics
- Simple methods: recursion control (adaptive, Hall 1983), bounding
volumes
- Classification of space and object subdivision methods
- Uniform grids (A.Fujimoto, 1986), Mailboxing (Kirk, Arvo,
1991)
- Nonuniform space subdvision: Octrees (A.Glassner 1984),
BSP and kd-trees (Kaplan, 1985)
Literature: [1] Shirley, [3] PBRT and:
- Acceleration methods cont.
- Kd-tree: efficiency of small 8 bytes nodes
- Building strategies: spatial median, object median, heuristics
- Traversal with early termination (recursive or iterative)
- Probabilistic model for ray - box intersection
- Surface Area Heuristic (SAH)
- Bounding Volume Hierarchies (BVH)
- SAH implementation notes,
- kd-trees with links (V.Havran)
References as above PhD theses of I.Wald and V.Havran and PBRT book.
- Acceleration methods cont.
- Building BVH: SAH with candidate splits
- Linear BVH: Morton codes
- Compact BVH nodes for traversal
- BVH references: PBRT 3ed. chapter 4.3 and also:
- General acceleration techniques (literature [b2]):
coherence, order, shadow cache, light buffers, generalized rays
- What we miss in classical RT (literature [b2]) :
antialiasing, soft shadows, motion blur, depth of field,
indirect lighting
- Theoretical foundations of light transport
([a2],[a3],[b7]) PBRT 3ed. chapter 5.4,...
- Geometry: spherical coordinates, integration over solid
angles (Lit.: [a3]PBRT:5.5, [b7]Dutre-GIC)
- Radiometry and Photometry (Lit.: [a3]PBRT:5.4, [b7]Dutre-GIC)
- BRDF definition and properties
- Rendering Equations
- More about BRDF ([a3]PBRT:ch.8,[b7])
- BRDFs properties and examples:
- Diffuse
- Modified Phong
- Specular
- More BRDF models
- Diffuse, glossy/specular and perfect specular reflections
- Fresnel reflection
- Perfect specular BRDF
- (later) Oren-Nayar reflection
- Physical Cook-Torrance model (Distribution, Geometrical term)
- Monte Carlo methods (PBRT chapter 13, except 13.4)
- Introduction to Monte Carlo methods
- Properties of estimators: consistency, bias, noise vs bias
trade off
- Sampling methods
- uniform sampling
- importance sampling (weighted)
- generating samples with given pdf/cdf
- rejection sampling
- stratified sampling
- sampling linear combination of densities
- Russian Roulette
- MC/QMC and Light Transport Equation (PBRT ch.14)
- (later) Quasi Monte Carlo: van der Corput, Halton and Hammersley
sequences
- Analytic soutions for LTE
- Stochastic (distributed) ray tracing
- Path Tracing
- (later) MIS - Multiple Importance Sampling
- High Dynamic Range Imaging
- HDR image formats: Ward RGBE HDR, LogLuv, OpenExr, Jpg HDR
- HDR Image Capture: Median Threshold Bitmap alignment,
recovering response curve and L values by solving optimization
problem
- Tone mapping operators: brightnes vs. detail preservation,
global vs. local, Tumblin-Rushmeier,
Bilateral filter, Fattal gradient domain
Software and books:
- OpenEXR
- pfstools/pfstmo
- Luminance hdr
- Piccante hdr
- E.Reinhard, G.Ward, S, Pattanaik, P.Debevec - "High Dynamic
Range Imaging" Morgan Kaufmann 2006 or 2nd edition.
- F.Banterle, A.Artusi, K.Debattista, A.Chalmers -
"Advanced High Dynamic Range Imaging: Theory and Practice" 2nd
ed. AK Peters 2017
- Light Transport Equations and sampling recap
- Angle and area integration forms of equation
- Practical sampling in path tracer with details
- Sampling direct light by light selection and area sampling
- Path space formulation for light transport equation
- Hybrid methods (Lit.:[a2]Dutre:7.5-7.8. [a3]PBRT)
- Irradiance caching (G.Ward, 1988)
- Photon tracing and Photon maps (H.W.Jensen, 1996)
- Instant radiocity (A.Keller, 1997)
- Hybrid and more advanced MC methods (Lit.: PBRT[a3], Dutre[a2])
- Lightcuts (Walter et al, 2005)
- LTE in path space (recap)
- Measurement equation, Importance, GRDF function
- BDPT - bidirectional path tracing
- Radiosity method (Lit.: F.Sillion [b4])
- Discretization of radiosity equation
- Workflow of the method
- Solving linear equations: Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel relaxation
- Form factors properties and calculations by M.C.
- Progressive radiosity: Southwell relaxation
- Substructuring and adaptive mesh refinement
- Newer and advanced methods:
- MLT - Metropolis method
- Energy Redistribution Path Tracing, 2005
- Vertex Connection and Merging, Unbiased Photon Maps 2012,2015.
a Literature:
- P.Shirley - Realistic Ray Tracing, A.K. Peters 2000
- P.Dutre, P.Bekaert, K.Bala - Advanced Global Illumination,
2nd edition, A.K. Peters 2006 (1st ed. 2003)
- M.Pharr, W.Jakob, G.Humphreys - Physically Based Rendering,
Morgan Kaufmann 2004-2021 (3rd edition, online, source code, pbrt.org)
b Literature (more, not updated):
- A.Glassner - Principles of Digital Image Synthesis, Morgan Kaufmann
Publ., San Francisco 1995.
- A.Glassner - Introducton to Ray Tracing, Morgan Kaufmann Publ. 1989
- H.W.Jensen - Realistic Image Synthesis Using Photon Mapping, A.K.
Peters 2001
- F.Sillion, C.Puech - Radiosity and Global Illumination, Morgan
Kaufmann Publ. 1994
- M.F.Cohen, J.R.Wallace - Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis,
A.P. 1993
- D.S.Ebert, F.K.Musgrave, D.Peacheay, K.Perlin, S.Worley - Texturing and
Modelling, A.P.Professional 1994
- P.Dutre -
Global Illumination Compendium
- V.Havran
Heuristic Ray Shooting Algorithms, praca
doktorska, Praga 2000.
- I.Wald
Realtime Ray Tracing and Interactive Global Illumination,
praca doktorska, Saarbrucken 2004.
- M.H.Kalos, P.A.Whitlock - Monte Carlo methods. Volume I: Basics, John
John Wiley & Sons 1986
- Maciej Falski -
"Przegląd modeli oświetlenia w grafice komputerowej"
praca magisterska, Wrocław 2004.
- K.Devlin, A.Chalmers,... - Tone Reproduction and Physically
Based Spectral Rendering, STAR report Eurographics 2002. (operatory
mapowania tonów rozd. 4.2)
- J.D.Foley, A. van Dam, S.K.Feiner, J.F.Hughes - Computer Graphics
- Principles and Practice, 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts
1992. (takze tych samych autorow ``Interactive Computer Graphics'', ``Introduction
to Computer Graphics'').
- Alan Watt - 3D Computer Graphics, 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, 1993
- A.S. Glassner - Graphics Gems, Academic Press, Boston 1990.
- J. Arvo - Graphics Gems II, Academic Press, Boston 1991.
- D. Kirk - Graphics Gems III, Academic Press, Boston 1992.
- P.S. Heckbert - Graphics Gems IV, Academic Press, Boston 1994.
Links:
Lab: Wednesday 9:15-10:00, MS-Teams
Lab will involve writing one large project in stages. There are
deadlines for each task/stage and delays decrease maximal number of
points possible to get by 20%. The Lab project must be finished before
the end of semester.
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